GMAT考试语法必考知识点整理
2022-01-18点击量:4332
GMAT的语法部分,也就是SentenceCorrection部分,因为它在整个verbal部分的地位最高,以至于很多同学在复习的时候给予了它非常多的期待,甚至还有江湖流传说:得语法者得GMAT考试。今天,我们就一起看看那些GMAT必考和常考的知识点。01、平行结构出现频率:20%难度系数:2星平行结构作为GMAT考试中最大考点,在平常学习得时候相信大家也感受到了它无处不在的魅力,任何时候平行结构都要求其前后平行的对象是语法功能相同的。NO.1andand是gmat考试必考的点,即使不单独设置题目也一定和其他考点组合着顺带考察。NO.2butBut在gmat语法考试中和and一样考察平行的,所以看到but第一件事就是判断其前后是否平行。NO.3both…andBoth…and搭配喜欢考察一个错误的搭配both…aswellas;同时both…and要求前后非常严格的平行,both后面有什么and后面就要求有同样语法功能的对象。NO.4either…orEither…or的平行原则和both…and一致。NO.5notonly…butalsoNotonly…butalso这个结构中only可以替换成just,also可以省略。平行原则类似于both…and.接下来我们看一道例题,了解一下平行结构的考法长成什么样。Drawingonherrootsinasocietythathasastrongtra-ditionofstory-tellingandoralrenditionsofthepast,IndianwriterSunitiNamjoshiincorporatesmanytypesoflitera-tureintoherwriting:includinghistoricaltexts,legends,andevennurseryrhymesfrombothIndianaswellasEuropeansources.A)writing:includinghistoricaltexts,legends,andevennurseryrhymesfrombothIndianaswellasB)writing:historicaltexts,legends,andevennurseryrhymesfrombothIndianandC)writing:theseincludehistoricaltexts,legends,andevennurseryrhymesfrombothIndianandD)writing,whichincludeshistoricaltexts,legends,andevennurseryrhymesbothfromIndianaswellasE)writingthatincludeshistoricaltexts,legends,andevennurseryrhymesbothfromIndianand本题考察both…aswellas搭配错误。以及both…and平行问题,根据这个点可以扔掉ADE。02、句子架构出现频率:60%难度系数:3星句子架构是基础功底要求,理论上解决所有的题目都需要用到句子架构的能力,所以这里我们把它的比例写的非常高。但是句子架构真正考察的时候,喜欢考察句子架构完整性,而考察句子架构完整的时候,只考察句子的谓语有没有,选项差异点是谓语和非谓语动词,往往我们选择谓语动词。Oftenvisibleassmog,ozoneisformedintheatmospherefromhydrocarbonsandnitrogenoxides,twomajorpollutantsemittedbyautomobiles,reactwithsunlight.A)ozoneisformedintheatmospherefromB)ozoneisformedintheatmospherewhenC)ozoneisformedintheatmosphere,andwhenD)ozone,formedintheatmospherewhenE)ozone,formedintheatmospherefrom本题考察句子架构:区分点谓语动词和非谓语动词,只有谓语动词可以让句子架构完整,所以DE错误。本题顺便还考察了and前后平行问题,C选项错误。03、比较结构出现频率:10%难度系数:5星NO.1like&asLike表“像”是介词,后面不可以接完整的句子。而as表“像”是连词,后面可以接完整的句子,不可以直接接名词。NO.2morethan/lessthan/as…as比较结构最基本的考察是搭配,不可以出现的混搭一般有以下这些:more…as;as…than;more…comparedwith/comparedto/incomparisonto;more…ratherthan/insteadof;另外注意出现数字比如20cm或者2000years等后面不能接as…asNO.3助动词补出名词比较的时候往往考察有没有资格补出助动词,记住只有和作主语的名词比较的名词才有资格补出助动词。Carbon-14datingrevealsthatthemegalithicmonumentsinBrittanyarenearly2,000yearsasoldasanyoftheirsupposedMediterraneanpredecessors.A)asoldasanyoftheirsupposedB)olderthananyoftheirsupposedC)asoldastheirsupposedD)olderthananyoftheirsupposedlyE)asoldastheirsupposedly本题典型的未划线出现数字2,000years,数字不可以和as…as原级搭配,所以ACE错误。04、that从句出现频率:12%难度系数:3星NO.1that引导定语从句that引导限定性定语从句,所以that和它所修饰的名词不可以直接用逗号隔开,另外that一定要在从句中充当主语或者宾语。NO.2同位语从句考点抽象名词需要一个that引导的同位语从句才可以把其内容完全表达清楚。NO.3宾语从句考点研究表明,证据表明,理论认为的都是事实,事实必须是that引导的从句才可以表达清楚。05、代词出现频率:10%难度系数:3星NO.1itIt为特指代词,指代名词及其修饰语,所以考察it的时候常常喜欢和that一起考,而that仅仅指代名词本身就可以。比如theweatherinBeijingisbetterthanthatinshanghai.这个代词that指代weather,但是如果换成it则错误,因为it会指代theweatherinBeijing这个整体,就不合理了。NO.2they/them/theirGmat考察代词they的时候喜欢考察,一个句子中同一个代词指代不同的名词错误,比如前面看到一个they想指代a名词,后面出现they或者them/their想要指代名词b错误。当然也会简单考察代词单复数是否正确。NO.3thisGmat考试中this只考察一个点:就是不要裸奔,不要试图用this指代一句话,它做不到,this要正确,必须是thiscar或者thiscase之类的场景。Likeanystarofsimilarmasswoulddo,oncetheSunhasexhaustedthehydrogeninitscore,itexpandsintoaredgiant,eventuallyejectingitsouterenvelopeofgasestobe-comeawhitedwarf.A)Likeanystarofsimilarmasswoulddo,oncetheSunhasexhaustedthehydrogeninitscore,itexpandsintoaredgiant,eventuallyejectingB)Likeanystarofsimilarmass,oncethehydrogenintheSun'scoreisexhausted,thenitexpandsintoaredgiantandeventuallyejectsC)Asinthecaseofanystarofsimilarmass,oncethehydrogenintheSun'scoreisexhausted,itwillexpandintoaredgiant,andeventuallyejectingD)Asanystarofsimilarmasswould,oncethehydrogenintheSun'scoreisexhausteditwillexpandintoaredgiantandwilleventuallyejectE)Aswouldbethecasewithanystarofsimilarmass,oncetheSunexhauststhehydrogeninitscore,itwillexpandintoaredgiantandeventuallyeject本题首先涉及了like和as考点,同时涉及了代词it考点,根据like和as考点可以干掉ABCD。根据it考点可以干掉BCD。06、主谓一致出现频率:8%难度系数:2星NO.1主语有很长的修饰语一般主谓一致的考题,都是考察我们能不能找到核心的主语是谁,所以往往给名词跟很长的定语,梳理清楚之后,主语的单复数是比较容易判断的。NO.2倒装结构倒装结构往往也是考察主谓一致,记住,如果你在谓语动词前面没有找到主语,一定碰到了倒装结构,倒装结构的真主是紧跟谓语之后的名词。OutofAmerica’sfascinationwithallthingsantiquehavegrownamarketforbygonestylesoffurnitureandfixturesthatarebringingbackthechaiselounge,theover-stuffedsofa,andtheclaw-footedbathtub.A)thingsantiquehavegrownamarketforbygonestylesoffurnitureandfixturesthatarebringingB)thingsantiquehasgrownamarketforbygonestylesoffurnitureandfixturesthatisbringingC)thingsthatareantiqueshasgrownamarketforbygonestylesoffurnitureandfixturesthatbringD)antiquethingshavegrownamarketforbygonestylesoffurnitureandfixturesthatarebringingE)antiquethingshasgrownamarketforbygonestylesoffurnitureandfixturesthatbring本题出现了倒装结构,主语是amarket,谓语动词只能使用单数形式hasgrown,所以选项AD错误。07、时态出现频率:7%难度系数:4星时态永远是为了传递不同的时间概念,所以不要强求所有时态一致,因为时态就是为了服务不同的表达含义,并不是为了全世界长的一样。所以根据场景判断这里动词是怎样的时间概念,然后根据时间概念来确定动词的时态。Althoughasurgeinretailsaleshaveraisedhopesthatthereisarecoveryfinallyunderway,manyeconomistssaythatwithoutalargeamountofspendingtherecoverymightnotlast.A)haveraisedhopesthatthereisarecoveryfinallyB)raisedhopesfortherebeingarecoveryfinallyC)hadraisedhopesforarecoveryfinallybeingD)hasraisedhopesthatarecoveryisfinallyE)raisedhopesforarecoveryfinally本题考察时态,句子本身没有明确的时间概念,通过主从句时态一致原则来判断。主句时态是一般现在时态,从句使用属于现在范畴的时态比较合适,所以BCE错误。08、逻辑主语出现频率:6%难度系数:3星逻辑主语往往是doing或者done放到句首,要求句子的主语是doing或者done的动作发出者或者接受者。Spanningmorethan50years,FriedrichMu虉llerbeganhiscareerinanunpromisingapprenticeshipasaSanskritscholarandculminatedinvirtuallyeveryhonorthatEuropeangovernmentsandlearnedsocietiescouldbestow.A)Mu虉llerbeganhiscareerinanunpromisingapprenticeshipasB)Mu虉ller’scareerbeganinanunpromisingapprenticeshipasC)Mu虉ller’scareerbeganwiththeunpromisingapprenticeshipofbeingD)Mu虉llerhadbegunhiscareerwiththeunpromisingapprenticeshipofbeingE)thecareerofMu虉llerhasbegunwithanunpromisingapprenticeshipof本题是典型的给出doing结果,考察逻辑主语是谁更加合适。这里spanning表示跨度和范围,逻辑主语是career比较合适,所以AD错误。09、非谓语动词出现频率:5%难度系数:4星非谓语动词这里最喜欢考察的是SVO,doing.的结构中,首先doing不可以跨过逗号就近修饰名词,doing可以作主语的伴随状语,也可以作整句话的结果状语。ThecamerasoftheVoyagerIIspacecraftdetectedsixsmall,previouslyunseenmoonscirclingUranus,whichdoublestotwelvethenumberofsatellitesnowknownasorbitingthedistantplanet.(A)whichdoublestotwelvethenumberofsatellitesnowknownasorbiting(B)doublingtotwelvethenumberofsatellitesnowknowntoorbit(C)whichdoublestotwelvethenumberofsatellitesnowknowninorbitaround(D)doublingtotwelvethenumberofsatellitesnowknownasorbiting(E)whichdoublestotwelvethenumberofsatellitesnowknownthatorbit这道题目选项的第一个差异点就是在考察:结果状语VS定语从句,前面整件事发生导致了后面的结果,应该适用which指代前面一整句话还是doing作为结果状语,在gmat考试中which不可以指代一整句话,所以ACE错误。...