如何提高托福写作句子丰富多样?
2022-03-30点击量:5517
如何提高托福写作句子丰富多样?单调的句式和结构、长度相近的句子使作文呆板单调,缺乏生动性和说服力;而灵活多变的句子样式和结构则使作文语言生动,自然流畅,丰富多彩。具体包括以下几个方面:如何提高托福写作1、长短句变换:简单句、并列句和复合句交替运用长句准确生动,长于说明推理;短句简洁明快,意义明确,印象深刻,描述动作,表明主旨,总结归纳,非短句不可。既然各有所长,在写作时应根据实际需要,交替使用简单句、并列句和复合句,以达到“段间长短不一,全篇句式万千”、丰富多样的效果,给读者以及阅卷老师以永恒的新鲜感。结构多样化:我们学过非谓语动词结构(包括不定式结构和分词结构),无动词结构,分隔结构,比较结构,独立结构,with复合结构,特殊否定结构,it结构,平行结构,强调结构,倒装结构,等等。其中最为神通广大的是非谓语动词结构,在句中或作主语、宾语,或作表语、宾语补足语,或作定语修饰名词,或作状语表示条件、原因、让步、时间、方式、目的、结果、伴随状况等,不一而足。非谓语动词结构可以简化大部分英语从句,产生语言简练,结构丰富多样的效果,请看下列转化实例:名词从句可转化为非谓语动词结构1.ThatJohnwonthemarathonsurprisedus.John’swinningtheMarathonsurprisedus.2.IhavenotdecidedwhetherIshouldvoteforClint.IhavenotdecidedwhethertovoteforClint.定语从句可转化为非谓语动词结构1.Theman(whois)standingatthegateismyEnglishteacher.2.Thecar(thatwas)repairedyesterdaybyhimismymother’s.3.ThenexttrainthatarrivesisfromNewYork.状语从句可转化为非谓语动词结构1.Afterhehadwateredthegarden,hebegantomowthelawn.Havingwateredthegarden,hebegantomowthelawn.2.Whentheyareheatedmetalsexpand.(When)Heated,metalsexpand.3.BecauseIdonotknowwhattodonext,Iwanttoaskforyouradvice.Notknowingwhattodonext,Iwanttoaskforyouradvice.4.Ispokeslowlyandclearlyinorderthattheaudiencecouldunderstandme.…inorderfortheaudiencetounderstandme.5.Ifweareunited,westand;ifwearedivided,wefail.United,westand;divided,wefail.6.ThoughhehaslivedinCanadafortreeyears,hestillcannotspeakEnglishwell.HavinglivedinCanadaforthreeyears,hestillcannotspeakEnglishwell.无动词结构也是阅卷老师喜欢看到的亮点,原因就在于由于汉语写作惯性,中国学生很少能想到使用该结构。这种结构实质上是SVC结构的省略,包括形容词无动词结构、名词无动词结构(即同位结构)和介词无动词结构,往往放在句子开头,以逗号同主句隔开,表示原因、条件、让步、补充说明,伴随状况等意义。请看下列例子:形容词无动词结构1.Bigandfat,VictorwenttotheGym(健身馆)everySundaymorning.(原因)2.Speechless,Henrynoddedandsatonafoldingseat.(伴随状语)3.Anxiousforaquickdecision,thechairmancalledforavote.(原因)4.(Although)alwayshelpful,hewasnotmuchlikedbypeople.(让步)5.Ithaslittletaste,unlesshot.(条件)名词无动词结构6.AfellowGeorgian(佐治亚人),Jordanwaswell-knownasafriendofthePresident.(同位语)7.Bankloanornobankloan,we’llbuythehouse.(让步)8.Whateverthereason,hiscordiality(诚恳)toherhaswonhimafriend.(让步)介词无动词结构9.Becauseofhismistakeseveralpeopledied.(原因)10.Withouthissister’smoney,Harrywouldneverbeadoctor.(条件)由于写作惯性,同学们写英语作文时,很可能不会想到上述结构,而是写成分句,例如上述例1和例2可能写成:1b.Becausehewasbigandfat,VictorwenttotheGymeverySundaymorning.2b.Henrynoddedandsatonafoldingseat,andkeptspeechless.相比之下不难发现,无动词结构比分句效果更好,更地道,更简练,同时又丰富了作文的句子结构,不仅让读者和阅卷老师为之眼前一亮!如何提高托福写作2、主语多样化:中国人习惯于用人称主语,而英语中则常用无灵主语(inanimatesubject),即无生命的事物作主语,如:1.Thelasttwodecadeshaswitnessedearth-shakingchangesinChina.中国在过去的二十年中发生了翻天覆地的变化。2Astrangepeacecameoverherwhenshewasalone.她独处时感到一种特别的安宁。3Iamverysorrythatthepressureofotheroccupationshaspreventedmefromsendinganearlierreplytoyourletter.由于我近来事务繁忙,没能给于及早回复,对此我表示深深的歉意。4Thesmallestexcusewouldhaveserved.其实,你随便找个哪怕最小的借口就可以了。5Thatnightsleepeludedme.那天晚上我彻夜未眠。如何提高托福写作3、开头多样化:开头除了使用主语外,还可以用各种各样的结构1Anexpertinforestfirecontrol,theforestrangertalkedtothecampersaboutsafetyinthewoods.同位语2Angry,Mr.Boydbegantodefendhisreputationwithstrongarguments.形容词短语3Tiredanddirty,theboysreturnedtothecamp.形容词短语4Joggingeveryday,Isoonincreasedmyenergylevel.现在分词短语5Troubledbyadream,Timwokeupwithastart.过去分词6Tosucceedinthatcourse,youmustattendeveryclass.不定式短语7Inthescientificlaboratory,MadameCuriewasanindustriousworker.介词短语8Becausehewastiredanddiscouraged,hedidnotwanttorewritethepaper.原因状语句9Whatyouimpulsivelydoinhasteyoumayregret()inleisure.宾语从句提前...