2022-01-28 11:18:58|已浏览：332次
一：特殊句子结构
1.as...as...引导的比较级：
(1)“as +形容词或副词原级+as+被比较对象”结构。
(2)在否定句或疑问句中可用 not so…as….
2.only 引导的倒装句型：only +状语 (或状语从句)位于句首时，句子部分倒装。
3.wish 引导的虚拟语气：wish 后面的从句，当表示与事实相反的情况，或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望时，其宾语从句的动词形式为：
⑴表示对现在情况的虚拟：从句动词用过去式表示，be 的过去式用 were.
⑵表示对过去情况的虚拟：从句动词用 had +过去分词。
⑶表示对将来的主观愿望：谓语动词形式为“would/ should/ could/ might +动词原形”。在这种情况下，主句的主语与从句的主语不能相同，因为主句的主语所期望的从句动作能否实现，取决于从句主语的态度或意愿(非动作名词除外) 。
4.it 形式宾语：和 it 作形式主语一样, 我们常用 it 来作形式宾语, 把真正的宾语从句放在句末, 这种情况尤其出现在带复合宾语的句子中。
5.The+比较级，the+比较级表示“越......越......”。
6. 宾语从句：一般疑问句做宾语，用 if 或 whether
7. 原因状语从句：since 引导的例句：Don’t eat too much sugar since it is bad foryour health.
8. 否定词前置倒装：scarcely/hardly...when...; no sooner…than…例句：Scarcely had he arrived at home when it began to rain.
9. If 虚拟条件句
①对过去事实进行虚拟的时候，if 条件句和主句的构成为：If+主语+had done，主语+would/could/should/might have done sth
eg. If I had worked hard enough in high school, I would have been admitted to a keyuniversity 重点大学.
②对现在事实进行虚拟的时候，if 条件句和主句的构成为：If+主语+did/were, 主语+would/could/should/might do sth
eg. If I were you, I would choose to learn French.
③ 对将来事实进行虚拟的时候，if 条件句和主句的构成为：If+did（were）/were to do/should do, 主语+would/could/should/might do sth
eg. If I had time tomorrow, I would certainly help you.
10. 宾语从句: 从句在句子中作宾语: 动宾/介宾
Grandpa said that you should spend 100 million in a month.
二．Should+动词原形
其后的宾语从句及以其同根名词(suggestion ,advice, proposal, requirement)引导的主语，表语，同位语从句中用(should)+动词原形。
He suggested that we (should) go home earlier.
三．类似 if 型
1. wish/as if/as though/ if only/would rather that …
e.g. I wish I was 30 years younger.
2.介词短语引导的虚拟语气
e.g. If you had not helped us, we would not have made....
四：谓语动词
1.行为动词/实意动词：eat, sleep, clean, Stay（可以单独做谓语，用副词修饰）
2.连系动词：be, get, become (不能单独做谓语，其后成分称为表语)
3.情态动词：can, could, will (不能单独做谓语，后接动词原型)
4.助动词：do/have 的各种形式，帮助完成时态与语气的动词，不能单独做谓语。
非谓语动词
1.不定式：to do（除了不能做谓语，其他成分都能做）
2.分词：现在分词：Ving（表主动与进行），过去分词：(表被动与状态)
3.动名词：Ving 英语一句话只能有一个主谓结构如果出现更多动词：加连词（and/ but / so…）放入从句变为非谓语动词
1) Grace finished her dinner at restaurant
2) attended the local dancing party.
（一）．加入连词Grace had finished dinner at restaurant, and she attended the local dancing party later.
（二） ． 放 入 从 句The moment /when Grace had finished dinner at restaurant, she attended the local dancing party later.
（三）.变为非谓语动词Grace finished her dinner quickly to attend the local dancing party.
五：时态与语态考点剖析
一般现在时
考点一：表示永恒的真理，即使出现在过去的语境中，仍用一般现在时，
如：I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school.
考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时；常用的引导词有：until /when/ before/as soon as /the moment/if/unless
I will not attend the conference if it rains tomorrow.
现在完成时
表示动作发生在过去，完成在过去，但强调与现在情况仍有联系，其结果或者影响仍然存在。有标志性的时间状语；
He has opened the door.
考点一：for +时间段；since+时间，主句用现在完成时so far , up to now, until now
They have lived in Beijing for five years.
考点二：常见的不确定的时间状语：lately, recently ,already , yet, so far，up till now
Has it stopped raining yet?
考点三：表示”第几次做某事“或者”it is（最高级）
the best (worst, most interesting)，
主句用一般现在时，从句用现在完成时。
This is the first time that I have visited China.
过去完成时
表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作，即发生在过去的过去。
There had been 25 parks in the city up till 2000.
考点一：用于 hardly/ scarcely/ barely /rarely … when..; no sooner … than....句型中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时
I had hardly finished my work when he came to see me.
考点二：表示第几次做某事/最高级，主句用过去式，从句用过去完成时。
That was the second time that she had seen her grandpa .
考点三：用于 by +过去时间段
She had learned 3 different languages by the end of 2009.
将来完成时（will have done）表将来某时刻之前已完成的事情，时间状语非常明显。
考点一： by +将来时间段
By next Friday, I will have got ready for the exam.
一般过去时
表过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作，或过去习惯性动作，不强调对现在的影响。
考点一：used to do 过去常常做某事 He used to smoke a lot.
Be used to doing sth 习惯于做某事 He is used to getting up early.
进行时态
考点二：表示某个具体时间点在干什么，常常有具体的时间词，如 at 10 o‘clock，at that moment 等。
He was doing homework at 9 o ’ clock yesterday evening.
考点三：趋向性动词或瞬间动词常用现在进行时表将来，如：go, come, leave, start等
I am coming. (马上来了)
He is leaving Chongqing on Friday. (他星期五离开重庆)
He is leaving for Chongqing on Friday.（他星期五要来重庆）
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