2021-12-15 09:04:00|已浏览：126次
雅思作文难题分析系列- 犯罪
Some think most crime is the result of circumstances e.g. poverty and other social problems. Others believe that most crime is committed by people who are bad by nature. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
观点：
贫穷，没有办法生存，犯罪去获得钱
人天生比较暴力，很难控制自己，犯罪
父母教育不好，小孩被虐待和学习不好的榜样，长大犯罪
Are murderers born or made?
Over the course of many years Raine and his team scanned the brains of numerous murderers and nearly all showed similar brain changes. There was reduced activity in the pre-frontal cortex, the area of the brain which controls emotional impulses, and over activation of the amygdala, the area which generates our emotions.
犯罪的人控制情绪的大脑部分活动很低，而产生情绪的大脑部分活动很活跃
So it seems that murderers have brains that make them more prone to rage and anger, while at the same time making them less able to control themselves.
杀人犯很容易生气，但是很难控制自己
Raine's studies suggest that part of the reason may be childhood abuse, which can create killers by causing physical damage to the brain. The pre-frontal cortex is especially vulnerable
"Early physical abuse, amongst other things could have led to the brain damage, which could have led to himcommitting this violent act," Raine says.
But only a small proportion of those who have a terrible childhood grow up to become murderers. Could there be factors that predispose us to murder?
Donta Page was physically abused as a child
很多杀人犯童年时被虐待，影响了大脑
About 30% of men have this so-called warrior gene, but whether the gene is triggered or not depends crucially on what happens to you in childhood.
His explanation is that he was protected from a potentially violent legacy by a happy childhood. "If you've the high-risk form of the gene and you were abused early on in life, your chances of a life of crime are much higher. If you have the high-risk gene but you weren't abused, then there really wasn't much risk. So just a gene by itself, the variant doesn't really dramatically affect behaviour, but under certain environmental conditions there is a big difference".
环境决定了是否人的暴力基因会爆发
So it seems that a genetic tendency towards violence, together with an abusive childhood, are literally a killer combination - murderers are both born and made.
We now have a far more sophisticated understanding of the complex interactions between the social and thebiological factors that predispose people to violence. But what can we do with that knowledge?
Research is focusing on ways to reduce violent behaviour and there is good evidence that teaching families who are at risk positive parenting skills is effective at improving impulse control.
提高父母的教育方式是一个解决暴力行为的方式
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