GMAT语法考试中平行知识点整理
2022-01-13点击量:176
平行知识点一、Parallelism:ConcreteNounsandActionNouns具体名词与动作名词我们第学过具体名词与具体名词平行,动作名词与动作名词平行。具体名词(concretenouns)指事物、人物、地方、时间段以及特定的事件,如rock,continent,electron,politician,region,holiday,week。动作名词(actionnouns)指动作,由动词组成,如eruption,pollution,nomination,withdrawal,development,change,growth然而平行结构没这么简单,今天我们将学习更难的动名词的平行,动名词分为简单动名词和复杂动名词简单动名词短语(Simplegerundphrases)在短语的开始没有冠词(a、an、the),如Trackingsatellitesaccuratelyisimportantforthespaceagency.复杂动名词短语(Complexgerundphrases)短语的开始有冠词,如Theaccuratetrackingofsatellitesisimportantforthespaceagency.在GMAT考试中,简单动名词不能与复杂动名词平行,如下面的错误例子:IenjoyeddrinkingthewaterANDthewinetasting.Drinkingwater是简单动名词短语,而thewinetasting是复杂动名词短语,所以错误。应该改为:IenjoyeddrinkingthewaterANDtastingthewine.此外,只有复杂动名词短语能够与动作名词平行,如下面的错误句子Therebelsdemandedthewithdrawalofgovernmentforcesfromdisputedregions,significantreductionsinoveralltrooplevels,raisingtherebelflagonholidays,ANDageneralpardon.Withdrawal、reductions、pardon都是动作名词,而raising是简单动名词,所以不能是平行结构,应该改为:Therebelsdemandedthewithdrawalofgovernmentforcesfromdisputedregions,significantreductionsinoveralltrooplevels,theraisingoftherebelflagonholidays,ANDageneralpardon.当然了,如果一个动词有动作名词的形式,就不要用复杂动名词的形式,看下面的三个例句体会下Wrong:TherebelsdemandedthewithdrawalofgovernmentforcesfromdisputedregionsANDreleasingcertainpoliticalprisoners.动作名词与一般动名词短语不平行,所以错误Wrong:TherebelsdemandedthewithdrawingofgovernmentforcesfromdisputedregionsANDthereleasingofcertainpoliticalprisoners.两个动名词短语都有动作名词形式,所以错误Right:TherebelsdemandedthewithdrawalofgovernmentforcesfromdisputedregionsANDthereleaseofcertainpoliticalprisoners.总之,名词的平行一共有四种:具体名词与具体名词;动作名词与动作名词;动作名词与复杂动名词;简单动名词与简单动名词。大家要记住哦~二、AdjectivesandParticiples形容词与分词在一些情况下,形容词可以与现在分词或过去分词平行(现在分词是形容词性,动名词是名词词性,虽然他们写法都以ing结尾,但大家不要弄混)过去分词与形容词平行:Amastodoncarcass,thawedonlyonceANDstillfresh,isondisplay.Thawed和fresh都修饰carcass,thawed是过去分词,而fresh是形容词,但他们是平行的,因为它们都起到形容词的作用。形容词与现在分词平行:OnlyafewfeetwideBUTspanningacontinent,therailroadchangedhistory.形容词wide与现在分词跨越spanning都起到修饰theroad的作用,二者平行。...