接下来带大家了解一下托福阅读中的常考题型，熟悉题型之后同学们就可以有针对性的练习了。阅读常考八大题型包括：事实信息题，否定事实信息题，句子简化题，推断题，修辞目的题，词汇题，插入题，小结题。
1、事实信息题
此类题目会针对段落中的具体细节进行出题。要求考生能够根据题干定位原文，理解句子，然后选出和句子一致的选项。做对事实信息题的核心在于句子理解。句子读不懂，就无法定位原文。哪怕定位到了原文，但是不理解句子，同样做不对正确选项。建议课下认真做好文章精读。具体的精读方法可以看往期文章或者直接咨询老师。
出题方式：
According to the paragraph--, which of the following is true of X?
According to the paragraph--, why did X do Y?
练习：Most people consider the landscape to be unchanging, but Earth is a dynamic body, and its surface is continually altering-slowly on the human time scale, but relatively rapidly when compared to the great age of Earth (about 4,500 billion years). There are two principal influences that shape the terrain: constructive processes such as uplift, which create new landscape features, and destructive forces such as erosion, which gradually wear away exposed land forms.
According to paragraph 1, which of the following statements is true of changes in Earth's landscape?
○They occur more often by uplift than by erosion
○They occur only at special times.
○They occur less frequently now than they once did.
○They occur quickly in geological terms.
2、否定事实信息题
这个题型和第一种题型的区别就是增加了“否定”两个字。这个题目和事实信息题考察的能力是一致的，都是对段落中具体的细节考察。只不过这个题目要求考生选择一个错误的选项，即不符合题目要求的选项。做题过程中可以运用并列逻辑关系做题。
出题方式：
According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true of X?
The author’s description of X mentions all of the following EXCEPT…
练习：Play is not without considerable costs to the individual animal. Play is usually very active, involving movement in space and, at times, noisemaking. Therefore, it results in the loss of fuel or energy that might better be used for growth or for building up fat stores in a young animal. Another potential cost of this activity is greater exposure to predators since play is attention-getting behavior. Great activities also increase the risk of injury in slipping or falling.
4.According to paragraph 3, each of the following is a cost to animals that engage in play EXCEPT
A. exposure to predators
B. a buildup of fat stores
C. a loss of fuel that could be used for growth
D. risk of injury from slipping or falling
3、句子简化题
此题考察对长难句的理解。针对文中的某一句话进行提问，选出和这个句子意思一致的选项。
每篇考察一个，而且出题方式不变。做此题的关键在于找到标注句子的核心主干和逻辑关系。
出题方式：
Which of the following best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence? Incorrect answer choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
4、推断题
推断题主要考察考生的推断能力，即在原文基础上理解文章，做出合理推断。此类题目的难点在于逻辑推理。很多同学看到了句子本身，也翻译的很好，但是不能做出合理推断。学习比较逻辑，转折逻辑会对做题有帮助。
出题方式：
Which of the following can be inferred from…..？
The author of the passage implies that…..
5、修辞目的题
考察对文章中一个词，一个例子，或者一句话的目的或者意图的理解。重点不是所提问部分本身的内容，而是提到这个部分的目的是什么。答案大部分在所问句子之前的主旨句，小部分出现在本句之后的句子。
出题方式：
The author discusses X in order to...?
Why does the author mention X?
The author uses X as an example of …
6、词汇题
顾名思义，这个题考察考生的词汇量。考生词汇量大的话直接根据单词本身选出同义词即可。如果不认识的话可以放到原文中进行猜测，然后选出同义词，但是这样比较浪费时间。所以还是建议同学们课下好好背单词，减少这个题的做题时间。
出题方式：
The word/phrase XXX in the passage is closest in meaning to…
The word/phrase XXX in paragraph…refers to…
7、插入题
每篇阅读文章的倒数第二个题都是插入题。要求考生把一个给定的句子插入到四个方框中合适的位置。考察考生对上下文的理解能力和逻辑推理能力。比较类似高考的完形填空，只不过不是选择正确的词，而是选择正确的句子而已。
出题方式：
Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage. Where would the sentence best fit?
What, then, determines what proportion of the water stays and what proportion drains away?.
8、小结题
此题考察对整个文章的总结概括能力。要求从6个选项中选出3个正确选项。正确选项包括概括一个段落或多个段落主旨。选项只是原文中的一个细节或者跟原文不符的就不能选。所以要求阅读过程中总结每段的段落大意。
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