托福写作考试答题策略分析
2022-01-21点击量:155
一.“语言制胜”策略语言能力是托福写作考试考查的重中之重,这也是考生很难在短时间内大幅度提高的。若想快速提高语言能力,须从词汇与句法着手准备。1.巧妙用词1)一词多义建议考生在备考过程中重视一词多义,即灵活应用不同词汇表达同一种意思,这也是评分标准强调的重点之一。例如,在表达“大”这个概念时,没必要机械地重复使用“big”这一个词,可灵活使用其同义词:large,tremendous,gigantic,grand等等。2)重视连词连词能够使文章逻辑顺畅,语言连贯,建议考生牢记各种连词如inspiteof,inaddition,moreover,eventhough,nevertheless等。此外,还须注意词语表达的准确性,因为托福写作注重考查用语言准确传达思想,若频繁使用“高深莫测”的超难词汇,恐怕会“弄巧成拙”。2.句法多样应用多种“黄金句型”,避免重复单一。建议考生平时多做造句练习,以便更熟练地掌握典型句式。“黄金句型”包括:1)强调句。Itisintheprocessofsuchanendeavorthatpeoplerealizethepowerofunity.Itistheassociatedresponsibilitythatbuildsupasolidinfrastructureofagroup.2.)倒装句Notonlywillithelponekeepagoodbalancebetweenworkandrest,butitcanalsofurtherbenefithimbothspirituallyandphysically.Goodmedicinetastesbitterbutcuresdiseasesandsaveslife,sodoeshonestadvice.3)并列结构Tremendousinvestmentsarebeingmadetoconstructmoreroads,buildmoreoverpassesanddevelopnewbusandsubwaylines.Takingupafavoritesubjectimprovesperformanceduringtheircourseofstudyandbringsaboutmoresatisfactoryresults.4)修辞问句Howcouldapersonshowpurefriendlinesstootherswhilewearingasmilingmask?Shouldn’tthestudentsfinishtheirhomeworkontime?5)插入语Otherpeople,however,wouldratherholdsmalleroneswithinthefamily.二.“论证技巧”策略由于独立写作的体裁均为议论文,因此,考生必须灵活运用多重论证技巧,最为典型的论证技巧包括:1.例证法举例是说服力极强的论证技巧。此外,应尽量使事例具体化。如:...Forinstance,trafficjamfeeswereintroducedinSingaporein1975.Sincethen,Sweden,Britain,Norway,Italy,PortugalandChinahavefollowedsuit...又如:Havinganintelligentpartnerbyoursideisjustlikereceivingcharcoalwhenthesnowfalls.Heiscompetentenoughtooffersincereandapplicablesuggestionsthatcoulddragusoutoftroubledwaters.Bymakingfulluseofourcombinedwisdom,problemscanbesolvedeasily.Takemycousinasanexample:Hehasjustsetuphisowncompany.Attheverybeginning,hewasfacedwithaseriesofproblemsinbusinessadministration.Afterconsultinghisbestfriend,anMBAstudentinHarvard,hesmoothlytackledthoseproblems.AsanoldChinesesayinggoes,‘hewhogetsincontactwithvermillionwillbecomered’.Afriend’swisdomandaccomplishmentscandirectlyinfluenceusinpositiveways.建议考生平时广泛搜集可作为热点话题论据的各种素材,包括名人轶事、历史事件、新闻报道、生活经历等等,不断积累,并学会将其恰当地应用于论证过程之中。2.因果论证法因果论证法是深入展开讨论的典型论证技巧,恰当使用因果法,可以使段落思路连贯,逻辑明晰,论证严谨透彻。因果法论证步骤:提出论点→提出原因→分析条件→得出结果。如:Besides,TVisalsoaneffectiveteachingtoolthathelpsenhancelearningefficiency.Thelargevarietyofeducationprogramsarespeciallydesignedtomakestudytimemoreenjoyable.“Followme,”apopularEnglishlearningprogram,isaperfectexample.Thesuperiorvisualandsoundeffectshelpleaveadeeperimpressionontheviewersandimprovetheirlearningeffectiveness.Therefore,TVdoesnotmerelyservefordelightbutalsoforeducation.3.拆分法在写作构思过程中,往往需要对论点进行合理拆分,从不同侧面展开论述,以达到论证逻辑的全面性。例如:Secondly,travellingexpendituresmaybecutdownandmuchmoneycanbesaved.Regardingtheaccommodationonthejourney,companionscanshareadoubleroominahotel.Thus,eachofthemonlyhastopayhalfoftheroomprice.Thesameistruewitheating.Itisamostpopularchoicefortravelerstogodutchwhenhavingmealsinrestaurants.Inthisway,notonlycantheyenjoymoredishes,buttheycanalsospendlessmoneythanpeoplewhodinealone.Inaddition,onthetrip,theremightbethenecessitytorentvehicles.Likewise,transportationcostscanbesharedequallybetweenthemaswell.三.“真题完胜”策略托福写作考试的命题趋势表明,考题重复出现的概率很高,因此,机经的参考价值不容小觑。建议考生在平时写作练习过程中,充分选用最近几年考过的写作真题,对过去几年考过的题目进行分类整理,并有针对的进行练习,以求“事半功倍”。四.“赢在范文”策略高分范文无疑是参考价值最高的写作备考资料。然而,很多考生因不知如何借助典型优秀范文快速提高写作成绩而苦恼。首先,应当挑选题目新、话题多样、写法全面的高质量范文资料,这一点至关重要,倘若范文质量欠佳,势必会影响备考效率。然后,按照如下步骤使用范文资料:第1步,通读30篇高分范文,注意寻找文章的写作思路和主要论点,把握整体框架。以《托福高分范文大全》中的文章为例,2013年6月15日考题:Thewayapersondressesinisagoodindicationofhis/herpersonalityandcharacter.通读此文时,应找到文章主要论点:1.着装习惯反映个人偏好;2.着装习惯透露了性格的某些方面;3.除了着装习惯,行为和举止是性格的更真实体现。第2步,精读10篇范文,理清每句话之间的关系。如:Relativeswereco-habitantsinsidealargehousewheremoreintimaterelationshipscouldbestablymaintainedandcarriedon.Nowadays,however,nuclearfamiliesaretakingupthegreatestratioofsocialbuild-up...这两句话之间形成了转折的逻辑关系。又如:Minorsetbacksmightcausealossofconfidence,orevenproduceoverwhelmingdistress.ThereforeIthinkitisunrealistictoexpectapersonwhoisdowninspirittoaccomplishtheirgoals.这两句话之间形成了因果逻辑关系。第3步,详细分析10篇范文,弄懂每句话内部的关系以及每句话之间的关系。如:Inaddition,obsessedwithcomputergames,childrenaregraduallybecomingslavesunderthecontrolofthepre-designedgamemodes.Asamatteroffact,itisnotonlyawasteoftime,butmayalsoconsiderablymisleadchildrenmentally...在这段话中,标志词inaddition表明首句承前启后,该句中,过去分词短语obssessedwith...表原因,childrenareusually...是原因所导致的结果。第二句是对首句的进一步解释说明,注意notonly...butalso...这个典型句式的应用。第4步,选取经过详细分析的10篇范文题目进行仿写练习。第5步,再选取另外10道题目进行写作练习,完成后与范文对照,寻找自己的优点与不足之处。五.“临场实战”策略毋庸置疑,合理安排考试时间是取得优异成绩的关键所在。对于独立写作而言,通常应按照如下步骤完成答题:首先,审题并确定立场;然后,确定分论点,构建文章框架;下一步,全面展开论述;最后,通读全文,进行必要的修改。综上所述,无论是在艰苦的备考过程之中,还是在紧张压抑的考场之上,托福写作高分策略势必将有助于增强考生必胜的信心,进而确保其高水平发挥,并最终获得理想的分数。...